JBG to PGM Converter

JBG is a file extension for images compressed using the JBIG (Joint Bi-level Image experts Group) standard, formally ITU-T Recommendation T.82, completed in 1993 as a successor to the Group 3 and Group 4 fax compression standards. JBIG compression is designed for bi-level (black and white) images but can also handle grayscale and limited-color images by encoding each bit plane separately. The algorithm uses a form of arithmetic coding guided by an adaptive context model: for each pixel, the encoder examines a template of surrounding already-coded pixels to build a probability estimate, then feeds this estimate to a QM-coder (a variant of the Q-coder arithmetic coder) that produces a highly efficient binary output. JBIG achieves 20-40% better compression than Group 4 on typical document images, with the improvement being even larger on halftoned photographs and images with gradual density transitions where Group 4's simple run-length approach is less effective. The standard supports progressive encoding, where a low-resolution version of the image is transmitted first and progressively refined — useful for fax-like applications where the receiver can begin displaying the image before the full-resolution data arrives. One advantage is superior compression of documents containing halftone images: newspapers, magazines, and marketing materials that mix text with photographic halftones compress dramatically better with JBIG than with Group 3/4. The standard's ITU-T backing ensures it is implemented in document imaging hardware and software worldwide. JBG files are supported by ImageMagick and various document imaging tools.